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in the Arctic (Menlo Park, Calif.: Cummings Publishing Company, 1973), 152.
3. Ibid., 152.
4. David E. Nye, America as Second Creation: Technology and Narratives
of New Beginnings (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2003), 2.
5. Ibid., 13.
6. James Fenimore Cooper, The Chainbearer (New York: James G. Greg-
ory 1864), 97.
7. Timothy Walker is cited in The Machine in the Garden: Technology and
the Pastoral Idea in America, by Leo Marx (New York: Oxford University Press
1964), 182 83.
8. John Locke, Second Treatise on Government, ed. Thomas Peardon (Indi-
anapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1952 [1690]), 23.
9. The notion of Lockean property rights has been very influential in Amer-
ican technological development, not least because it has been used to inform
the system of patenting inventions. However, Lockean notions of property ac-
quisition are not without their problems.
10. Ferguson is cited by Nye, America as Second Creation, 96.
11. Ibid., 148.
12. Ibid., 147.
13. Lewis Mumford, Technics and Civilization (New York: Harcourt, Brace,
1934).
14. Ibid., 109.
15. Ibid., 155.
16. Ibid., 353.
17. Ibid., 355.
18. Ibid., 254.
19. Nye, America as Second Creation.
20. Ibid., 295.
21. Ibid., 297.
22. Ibid., 298.
23. Ibid. Jim O Brien, A Beaver s Perspective on North American His-
tory, has been reprinted in Major Problems in American Environmental His-
tory: Documents and Essays, ed. Carolyn Merchant (Lexington, Mass: D. C.
Heath, 1993), 78 83.
24. John Kenneth Galbraith, The New Industrial State, 2nd rev. ed (Boston:
Houghton Mifflin, 1971), 12.
Chapter 2 167
25. Steven V. Monsma, Responsible Technology: A Christian Perspective
(Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1986), 19.
26. See Langdon Winner s penetrating critique, Autonomous Technology:
Technics-out-of-Control as a Theme in Political Thought (Cambridge, Mass.:
MIT Press, 1977).
27. David E. Nye, Shaping Communication Networks: Telegraph, Tele-
phone, Computer, Social Research 11 (September 22, 1997): 1067 91, at
1067.
28. Henry Petroski, To Engineer Is Human: The Role of Failure in Successful
Design (New York: St. Martin s Press, 1985),
29. Graham R. Houston, Virtual Morality: Christian Ethics in the Computer
Age (Leicester: Apollos, 1998), 69.
30. Monsma, Responsible Technology, 19.
31. C. S. Lewis, The Abolition of Man (New York: Collier Books, 1962
[1947]), 69.
32. Petroski, To Engineer Is Human, 2.
33. Kudzu, a native Japanese and Chinese plant that was transplanted in the
United States (especially in the Southeast) originally to stop erosion, proved to
be very hard to control because of its hardiness and fast growth. Sometimes
growing several feet per day, kudzu has been known to cover entire homes or
automobiles in a single season.
34. Monsma, Responsible Technology, 200.
35. Pelto, Snowmobile Revolution.
36. Ronald Cole-Turner, The New Genesis: Theology and the Genetic Revolu-
tion (Louisville: Westminster / John Knox Press, 1993), 108 9.
37. Of course I am alluding to Richard Dawkins, The Blind Watchmaker:
Why the Evidence of Evolution Reveals a Universe without Design (New York:
W. W. Norton, 1996).
38. Kevin Warwick, I, Cyborg (London: Century, 2002). On Warwick s im-
planted chip, see http://www.kevinwarwick.com.
39. Peter McGrath, Building a Better Human, Newsweek, Special Edition,
2001, 46 49, at 46.
40. Note that the Islamic worldview also supports this special stewardship
relationship. Cf. John L. Esposito, Islam: The Straight Path, 3rd ed. (New York:
Oxford University Press, 1998), esp. 25 30, observing that the essence of
human uniqueness lies in one s vocation as God s representative on earth,
given as a divine trust and deriving from the root Islamic (Quranic) principle
that the earth belongs ultimately to God and that human beings are its
caretakers.
41. Bill Joy, Why the Future Doesn t Need Us, Wired, April 2000, 1 11.
168 Notes
Notes to Chapter 3
1. William Kristol and Eric Cohen, The Future Is Now: America Confronts
the New Genetics (Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2002).
2. Ibid., xvii; Kristol and Cohen are referring to the title of the book by
C. S. Lewis, The Abolition of Man (New York: Collier Books, 1962 [1947]).
3. Jeremy Rifkin, The Biotech Century: Harnessing the Gene and Remaking
the World (New York: Penguin Putnam, 1998).
4. Ibid., 198. Rifkin further suggests that worldviews (cosmologies, in his
term) provide a mirror of the day-to-day activity of a civilization (p. 201).
5. Ibid., 207.
6. Gregory Stock, Redesigning Humans: Our Inevitable Genetic Future
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2002), 44.
7. It should be noted that all worldview commitments are ultimately faith
commitments, none of which can be scientifically verified. No worldview com-
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